Enders by Lissa Price

Enders is the sequel to Lissa Price's debut novel, Starters.

Despite taking down Prime Destinations, the Old Man lives on. He can talk to Callie via the chip in the back of her head.
"It was like a phone the Old Man could call anytime, a phone I had to answer and could never disconnect. It was the Old Man's direct line to me, Callie Woodland."

Callie now lives in the home of  the Ender, Helena, who had rented her and had used her body to try to assassinate Senator Harrison in order to stop the Old Man. Her younger brother, Tyler, now fully recovered, and a friend, Michael live in the guest house. Tyler tells Callie that he and Michael are going to get him new shoes at the mall.

Callie agrees to meet them at the mall after she takes sandwiches to the starving Starters in an old office building that had been home for Michael, Tyler and Florina when Callie was being rented out. When she arrives at the building, the sandwiches are stolen from her by a young Starter.

Her mission to feed the Starters a failure, Callie arrives early at the mall and heads to the food court where she's to meet Michael and Tyler. Suddenly Callie begins hearing the Old Man's voice in her head. The Old Man directs Callie's attention to a Starter that Callie knew, named Reece. Callie's guardian, Lauren, had rented Reece's body to search for her grandson. Callie knows Reece doesn't know her but she attempts to get her attention since she sees that Reece is being followed by an Ender with a silver animal tattoo. Reece, not recognizing Callie, walks away and in an attempt to flee the Ender, runs towards the shoe store where Michael and Tyler are shopping. She never makes it, exploding before reaching the store, as Callie is taken down and protected by a dark-haired Starter with piercing eyes. The Old Man tells Callie that although she destroyed the body bank and Prime Destinations, he has other facilities and can still access any chip. He can turn these into weapons just as he did with Reece.

Callie contacts Senator Bohn who helped her take down Prime Destinations with an idea of how to track down the Old Man. After contacting her guardian, Lauren, Callie goes to meet Blake, the Senator Harrison's grandson, who has been attempting to contact her. Callie decides to reveal to Blake about the chip implants, how he was kidnapped and implanted and that his body was used by the head of Prime, the Old Man. She explains that the Old Man has an electronic mask and an artificial voice to disguise himself. Callie warns Blake to avoid the Old Man and to ask his grandfather about what really happened to him.

Callie, Senator Bohn who is in charge of the Congressional investigation of Prime Destinations, and Lauren are unsuccessful in their attempt to access the computers at Institution 37, where Callie was once imprisoned. The Old Man once again contacts Callie via her chip and warns her that if she does not cooperate he will harm Michael and her brother Tyler.  He also reveals that Tyler has been implanted with a chip.The Old Man instructs Callie to drive to an unknown location but she never makes it. Instead she is kidnapped by the Starter who saved her in the mall explosion. The Starter reveals himself as Hyden, the son of the Old Man. Callie deduces that the Old Man must be a Middle, one of the rare middle-aged who survived due to vaccination. Hyden's specially designed SUV blocks access to her chip, providing a place to be safe.

Callie learns that she is the only Metal (a Starter who has a chip implanted) whose chip has been altered so that she can kill when someone is inside her head. She is also able to retain her self-awareness, unlike other Metals who have no idea what happens to them when they are being used. Hyden tells Callie that both he and his father, whose name is Brockman, developed the mind-body transfer technology but while he wanted to use it for good, his father was only intent upon selling the technology to the highest foreign bidder.

Hyden informs Callie that access to the Metal's chips can be prevented at either high altitudes or if they go far enough underground.  To that end, Hyden arranges for Michael and Callie's brother, Tyler to be taken to his private mountain chalet where they cannot be tracked by his father. At the same time, he takes Callie to his secret lab which is located underground. There she finds Redmond, an Ender who had altered her chip in the first novel and who had gone missing.

Callie wants the chip removed from her head but Hyden tells her it is not possible and that all attempts to remove the chip have met with failure. After experiencing another of Helena's memories in her head, Callie tells Hyden that they should find as many of the other Metals as possible and bring them back to his lab so that Brockman will not be able to capture and sell them.

Using a scanner, Callie, Hyden and his bodyguard, Ernie (a Middle), begin locating and picking up Metals. Soon they have many Metals with various skills living in a dorm in the lab complex, helping out making meals, cleaning and doing repairs. During this time Callie learns that Hyden has suffered nerve damage as a result of an accident and cannot bear to be touched. The mind-body transfer technology was something he hoped would help him. It is because of this pain that after taking in one of the Metals, Hyden transfers into the other boy's body, revealing to Callie that he too has a chip.

Soon after this, Michael contacts Callie and she and Hyden travel to pick him up. However, while looking for Michael, Callie hears her father's voice in her head. Although Hyden insists that the voice she heard was not her father but was in fact his father, Callie holds hope that he might still be alive. In order to find out, Callie and Hyden go to the Hall of Records and learn that he is dead. At the Hall, Brockman contacts Callie where he demonstrates to her that he is learning how to control her body by making her pinky move. Hyden fights off a hijacked Metal and they manage to cut off Brockman and recover the Metal, taking her to Hyden's lab.

Hyden's lab is attacked and the Metals are all captured except for Hyden, Callie and Michael. Ernie and Redmond are also spared. They learn from a dying Ender that Brockman was responsible for the attack and that he is planning to sell the Metals to the richest Enders in the world, in ten days time. Can Callie rescue the Metals from a terrible fate and stop Brockman in his quest to own the technology and sell it to the highest bidder?

Discussion:

Enders is an fitting conclusion to Lissa Price's first novel, Starters, neatly tying up all the loose ends from the first novel. Callie, who brought down Prime Directions in the first novel, is determined to find a way to rid herself of the chip and get away from the Old Man. But as she discovers more about herself and the two men who designed the mind-body transfer technology, it becomes apparent that she has to stop him from selling the technology to other governments who will have no qualms about using it against America.

Although not as interesting as Starters, Enders strong point is the revelations at the end of the novel. Price does a great job holding her reader's interest, gradually revealing more of the backstory behind Hyden and Brockman, developing the mystery surrounding her father and utilizing many plot twists in the final chapters. However, readers will be somewhat disappointed at how quickly the resolution to the novel occurs. Callie gaining control of her chip simply happens, just like that, diffusing the climax to the story and creating a feeling of the novel rushing to quickly to its resolution.

Enders is weak on characterization as the story is driven by the action in the novel. There's no real depth to the characters, except for Callie who is presented as a girl just wishing for a normal life with her brother Tyler but who comes to realize that she needs to keep fighting for those who have been implanted with this technology against their will. Michael who was a significant character in Starters, is a minor character in this novel. Callie's romantic relationship with Hyden seems bizarre given his lies and manipulation of just about everyone around him. Callie seemed to completely forget the bond she had with Michael.

Price only touches on the implications of biotechnology for individuals and society in a superficial way near the end of novel when Callie is taken over by a creepy Ender. Although what he makes her do is vividly described, the reader doesn't get a sense of what Callie's feeling as she loses her ability to control her actions in front of a gallery of old men,  because she doesn't tell us. This was a great opportunity for Price to demonstrate how such technology impacts bodily autonomy and the integrity of human beings if they are controlled by others.

It is puzzling as to why Price titled this novel Enders, since most of the story does not directly involve Enders, except at the conclusion of the novel when it is the Enders who are the ones interested in the Metals. It isn't even an Ender who is the villain in the novel, but a Middle. And it is Metals who are the prime focus of the novel. As a result, it would have been more accurate to have titled  the novel Metals. It's unfortunate that Price didn't use a different circuitry design similar to the cover of the first novel. The cover of Starters was more in line with the theme of the duology.

Overall though, Enders is a good conclusion to a duology with a very unique and interesting premise. These novels will appeal to those who enjoyed The Adoration of Jenna Fox and Scott Westerfeld's Uglies series which also explore the impact of biotechnology on human identity.

Book Details:
Enders by Lissa Price
New York: Ember, an imprint of Random House    2014
272 pp.

Starters by Lissa Price

Starters is Lissa Price's debut novel set in an America decimated by war and a deadly sickness. Lissa Price has created a fascinating post-apocalyptic world in her debut novel, Starters.  

America is comprised of very elderly people, Enders, and very young people, Starters. Price's post-apocalyptic world arose after the Spore Wars between America and unnamed Pacific Ocean countries (does she mean China?). Fearing a bio-war, America began vaccinating its citizens, with those considered most at risk, the very young and the elderly, being the first to be vaccinated. When the spore bombs were unleashed earlier than expected, all people between the ages of 20 and 60 died, leaving many children orphaned and uncared for.

Sixteen-year-old Callie Woodland and her brother, seven-year-old Tyler, are two such children, orphaned and living in an abandoned office tower with a friend named Michael. They spend their time hiding from the Marshals who capture unclaimed children  and scavenging for enough food to eat. With Tyler sick, Callie decides to pay a visit to Prime Destinations located in Beverly Hills. She has heard about this company out on the street and knows that she can earn a great deal of money but she needs to know more.

At Prime Destinations, Callie meets Mr. Tinnenbaum, a tall Ender with silver white hair and a deep artificial tan. He explains that the renter or Ender has a cap with electrodes fitted on her/his head which connects them to a BCI or Body-Computer Interface and they are put into a "twilight sleep". Meanwhile the donor or Starter has had a  neuro-chip embedded into their brain connecting their brain to the computer. The Ender (renter) and Starter (donor) are connected via a computer.  After an Ender chooses a Starter, the Starter comes to Prime Destinations and is put under anesthesia and the connection between the two brains is made by the computer. The Renter simply uses her mind to take oer the body of the young teen whose conscious mind is now asleep. The Ender can then use the teen's body for however long the rental period is. The teen-donor remembers nothing of what happened while his/her body was being rented.  After the rental time is finished the Ender brings the body back to Prime Destinations and the computer connection is shut down. The Ender is taken out of twilight sleep and the Starter or donor has her/his brain functions restored. The neurochip blocks renters from participating in illegal activities. The donor gets the chip removed after three rentals.

After the explanation, Callie decides to defer signing a contract with a bonus, despite desperately needing the money and even in spite of the intense pressure by Mr. Tinnenbaum to sign immediately. She returns back to the office tower she is living in with Tyler and Michael. When their building is set on fire by Enders to smoke them out, Callie and her brother and Michael flee but are chased by the marshals. They have lost their sleeping bags, water bottles and the remnants of family photos. With Tyler sick, Callie makes the decision to return to Prime Destinations. She tells Michael to care for Tyler and that she will return in a few days.

At Prime Destinations, Callie is assigned to an Ender named Doris who is her personal mentor. She is tested in the sports she claimed to be able to do including her ability to shoot a rifle. Prior to renting, every Starter gets a complete body makeover, with all scars and imperfections being completely removed. Callie has the neurochip put in and is given the lunch she thought about, proving that the chip is functioning. Callie is given clothing that has been chosen by her renter and has her makeup done by makeup artist Clara. Doris tells Callie that her first rental will be only for a day and that she is a "lovely woman". When Callie presses to meet her, Doris tells her the exchanges are always confidential. Doris attempts to reassure Callie, telling her that "We do have your best interests at heart..."  Callie also learns that the tall Ender she saw talking to Mr. Tinnenbaum when she arrived yesterday is the CEO of Prime, whom they call "Old Man".

Everything goes well for the first rent but when she requests to leave, Callie is told that it is not an option. The second rental is for three days however after this rental Callie awakens with a four-inch gash on her arm and no one will tell her how this happened. When she learns that her third rental will be for a month, Callie panics. She presses her case with Mr. Tinnenbaum who agrees to allow Callie three hours to go visit her brother.  He assigns a body guard, Rodney to watch over her and her warns her to be careful with her body,  "Because right now, it still belongs to us." Tyler is angry that Callie has been gone for seven days. She promises that when she returns, they will have a home once again. Callie finds herself growing more attached to Michael and thanks him for caring for Tyler.

When Callie returns to Prime Destinations, she learns that her renter wants to go that night. Callie is dressed in all black and sent off to her third rent. But during the third rent, something unusual happens. Callie wakes up a week into her rental  to find herself in Club Rune in Los Angeles. Confused, Callie quickly realizes that something is not working right with the renter. Callie begins hearing a voice in her head warning her not to return to Prime Destinations and she realizes this is her renter. She can hear the renter in her mind.

At the home of her renter, Callie discovers that her renter is Helena Winterhill and that her universal ID has been changed from Callie Woodland to Callie Winterhill who lives in a luxurious mega-mansion in Bel-Air. On a date with Blake Harrison, the boy she met at Club Rune, they go horseback riding and visit his great-grandmother Marion.  During this visit Callie  learns that Blake is the grandson of Senator Clifford C. Harrison. Believing she can trust Blake who is not an Ender, she sends him with money to the abandoned office building Tyler and Michael are living in.

Callie blacks out in Helena's car and awakens eighteen hours later in Helena's bedroom holding a Glock 85 with a silencer.  When she is warned yet again not to return to Prime Destinations, Callie decides to check into Helena's background. She discovers that Helena's granddaughter Emma lived with her and died two months ago. Even more disturbing is that Callie discovers a charm bracelet similar to that Doris gave her, in Emma's bedroom. Callie realizes that Emma sold her body to the body bank. 

 At Club Rune, Callie meets Helena's friend, Lauren who is renting the body of a girl named Reece. Lauren reveals that they are using the bodies of teens to stop Prime Destinations from victimizing thousands of teens. From Lauren she learns that Helena is planning a murder but Helena hasn't told Lauren who the target is. Lauren's grandson, Kevin, and Helena's granddaughter, Emma, signed up at Prime Destinations but never returned. They lied and did it to get the body makeovers, not realizing that Prime takes Starters who have no living relatives. This way if they do not return, they have no family who will investigate their disappearance. Some Starters are released to recruit more teens. Callie learns that many Enders besides Lauren and Helena, have lost grandchildren who have simply disappeared after becoming body donors for Prime. Callie finds this all very daunting.

Callie reaches out to Blake who meets her and is very angry. She discovers that while blacked out, Helena took over, and angrily took back the money Callie had given to Blake to give to Tyler and Michael. She asks him again to take the wad of money to them and he agrees to do this. After her meeting with Blake, Callie dumps Helena's Glock and determines from her phone calendar that whoever she is planning to murder it will be on November 19 at 8:00 PM. 

Callie receives a memo from Helena on her phone warning her not to return to Prime. She does not know that Callie knows about her plans.  Once more Callie blacks out only to find herself in the lobby of an office building preparing to kill Senator Clifford Harrison, Blake's grandfather. Callie doesn't know  how Senator Harrison is connected to Prime Destinations. As Callie grows closer to Blake, she is determined to find out why Helena wants to kill his grandfather.

On the day Senator Harrison is scheduled to present at an awards ceremony, Callie finds herself with an assault rifle scoping the ceremony. She suddenly is able to communicate with Helena who tells her that she needs to go through with the assassination. Helena reveals that Callie's biochip has been altered and the stop-kill switch which prevents Renters from killing while they are in a Starter's body has been turned off. Helena wants to stop Senator Harrison because of his connections to Prime Destinations. Harrison is hoping to persuade the president to use Prime to conscript teens for government use. But she also discovers that Prime has a far more insidious design for the teen donors.

Helena and Callie begin working together to try to determine what has happened to her granddaughter Emma. Helena gives Callie money to get a place for Michael and Tyler to stay and asks Callie to visit Institution 37 to talk to a girl named Sara who may know about Emma. In Institution 37 Callie learns from Sara that there is a special program beginning next week where some of the girls will be given special makeovers and important jobs where they will earn money. Only the prettiest Starters will be chosen by the body bank. 

Callie meets Madison at her home and together they watch Senator Clifford Harrison at a news conference in Washington. He announces the Special Circumstances Youth Employment Act in which certain institutionalized and unclaimed minors will be able to now be employed. The first company to do this will be Prime Destinations. So it appears that what Callie was told by Sara is really happening. Then Madison receives a special, private and confidential broadcast from Prime Destinations, as a Titanium subscriber. Chad Tinnenbaum and Doris introduce the head of Prime Destinations, the Old Man whose face is pixelated and voice disguised. He informs his Titanium Premium subscribers that they will be able to try the bodies of different nationalities and  soon be able to own the body of the Starter they rent while their "birth body" is kept safe in the chair at Prime Destinations until it reaches the age of two hundred years. As the owners of their new bodies, they will be able to keep them as they age through the body's twenties and thirties and even longer. 

Callie is now convinced of what Helena has been telling her. And she suggests to Helena that her granddaughter Emma may not be dead but may have been permanently rented.  However, a major setback occurs when Callie discovers Helena has been killed and someone is trying to kill her.

When Helena gone, Callie is now on her own to prevent Prime from gaining control and implementing its evil plan. She meets up with Helena's friend Redmond who initially modified their (Helena/Callie) neurochip. Callie asks Redmond to remove it but he tells her it cannot be removed as it is integrated into her brain. Instead he covers the chip with a magnetic plate to prevent Prime Destinations from tracking her. 

It becomes increasingly difficult for Callie to know who she can trust. No one is who she thought they were: she discovers that Briona is actually Doris and that Lee is Tinnenbaum. After a brief incarceration in Institution 37 for attempting to kill Senator Harrison, Callie escapes and is helped by Madison, the real Lauren who is a 150 year old Elder and her attorney, Mr. Crais. Lauren reveals that she was in the process of claiming Callie and so Prime Destinations has no claim over her. They bring together the grandparents of missing body bank donor teens and hope to enlist the help of Redmond who had altered Helena's chip. However, Redmond's compound is discovered destroyed by a bomb and he is missing. The next day Callie visits Prime Destinations to see the Old Man and offers her life for that of her brother Tyler. While she is bargaining with the Old Man, a team of marshals are arresting the body bank employees. The Old Man escapes via his heli transport. 

In the lobby of Prime Destinations, the Renters have returned having watched Lauren's broadcast that told them to return to the body bank because their chips were having issues. Many are not happy to have to leave their Rentals but all are returned to the Elder bodies and the teens to their Starter bodies. Tyler is found to be hiding at Prime Destinations and with Prime now destroyed, Lauren informs Callie that Helena left her half of her estate: her home and a country home. Callie takes Tyler to live in Helena's home and then goes to see Blake. 

Callie makes a shocking discovery: Blake has no knowledge of who she is nor any memories of Callie. Senator Harrison then reveals that his son was kidnapped by the Old Man so that his father would be forced into cooperating and making the deal with the president for Prime Destinations. With the Old Man using Blake's body he was able to learn of Helena's plans. Senator Harrison asks Callie to never reveal to Blake what happend to him. 

Prime Destinations is destroyed but the Old Man contacts Callie through her neurochip and asks her to join him. She refuses...

Discussion

Starters is a young adult dystopian novel that focuses on a post-apocalyptic America in which the elderly (Enders) use the bodies of teenagers (Starters). Not surprisingly this deeply unethical practice leads to even more abuse. 

Starters is a plot-driven novel with little world building and not much in the way of character development. America is in a post war period, a war that started over three years earlier in the Pacific Ocean. No one was winning the war, not America nor the Pac Rim. They launched genocidal spore weapons at America while America launched their EMP weapons at the Pac Rim countries, disabling their computers, planes and stock markets. The spore weapons killed anyone not vaccinated - those between the ages of twenty and sixty died, including Callie and Tyler's parents. Anyone under the age of nineteen was not allowed to work. This means survivors like Callie and Michael are destitute. They have been living on the streets, hiding in abandoned buildings to avoid the marshals who round up unclaimed children.

Author Lissa Price does and especially good job of explaining the science fiction premise of the novel, one that is reminiscent of James Cameron's Avatar movie in which an Elder can connect to the mind of a teen donor and use that body for a period of time. Everything seems to work fine for Callie's first two rentals but on the third rental, she discovers that she is awake in her own body but living her Renter, Helena Winterhill's life and that Helena is on a mission to assassinate someone. The rest of the novel involves Callie's determination to solve who her renter wants to assassinate and the reason behind such a drastic action.

At the crux of the mystery are the ethical questions that such a practice poses especially when it is revealed that the corporation behind the rentals is determined to make the use of a teen body no longer a rental but permanent. 

The protagonist, Callie Woodland is carefully sketched as a caring, moral person who tries to do the correct thing. Due to the extreme poverty she and her brother are experiencing, Callie is driven to sell her body to the body bank at Prime Directives. It's a statement on how extreme poverty forces women (and men to a lesser extent) to use their bodies to survive. In a previous time it might have been for prostition. In this post-apocalyptic world, it is a prostition of a different kind, young people allowing the elderly to use their bodies to live out their fantasies once more. Athough there are restrictions on the use of the bodies, such as not engaging in risky behaviour, the concept is disturbing. Callie also begins to recognize that Prime Destinations already holds the view that her body belongs to them. When she requests a break before her final rental, Tinnebaum reluctantly grants her request but warns her "Keep this body exactly as it is. Because right now, it still belongs to us."

At first Callie refuses to kill even though her Renter, Helena is determined to go through with the assassination. Callie resists, discarding weapons and insisting that she needs proof about what is happening before acting. It does seem convenient that she comes out of her blackouts just as Helena is about to act. And when the reality of what Prime Destinations is revealed, Callie fights back against what she believes is truly evil - the permanent kidnapping of teens. 

When the CEO of Prime Destinations reveals that the Renters will now be able to keep the body of the teen they are given, Callie is horrified. However Madison sees no ethical issues only possibilities to live out her life as a young woman again with a new, younger body. She tells Callie, "Why not? Of course it's fun to try different bodies, but instead of all the back-and-forth and in-and-out, it would be nice to settle with one and be done."  Howevcr Callie counters, "It's not like picking out a new dress or a car or a house. These are people. Living, breathing teen who have their whole lives ahead of them. But not if you steal it from them." It's clear that Madison hasn't thought through what is happening and what she's participating in. Callie tells her, "...if you are I are permanently in somebody's body, it means that girl will never get a break. She'll never know what it's like to go to college, fall in love, get married, have children. You might have those experiences - again - but she won't."  

The Enders were especially well done and it was clear that Callie and her generation  deeply fear and despise them. Many of the  Enders in the novel are portrayed as self-absorbed, superficial people concerned only with living longer and experiencing as much as possible, preferably in the body of a teenager. They also have no qualms using other people's bodies. However, it is with the help of some Enders such as Rhiannon, Helena and Lauren that Callie is able to stop Prime Destinations and rescue her brother.

While Starters has an interesting concept, its complex storyline meant that some things weren't always clear or explained. Price never really expanded on why the government should or would get involved in using the bodies of teens supplied by Prime. We don't know why the Enders live to be so old. We also don't know the outcome of the war for other parts of the US or for the Pacific countries involved in the war. Readers know very little about the Old Man, his true identity and how he came to be. His use of the snake head when Callie meets him was overly dramatic.  It's possible Price will develop this further in the next book, filling in the details as required.

Starters is a suspenseful, intensely satisfying book that will leave readers anxiously anticipating the next installment. This novel  has a magnificent book cover that was brilliantly designed by Melissa Greenberg.

Book Details: 
Starters by Lissa Price
Random House: Delacorte Press    2012
336 pp.